Introduction Down syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality. It is the most frequent form of mental retardation and is characterised by well-defined, distinctive phenotypic features and natural history. An error in cell development results in forty-seven chromosomes rather than the usual forty-six. There are three major types of Down syndrome. About ninety-five percent of individuals with Down syndrome have Trisomy 21. There is also Translocation and Mosaicism. Down syndrome can also be referred to as Mongolism, the condition is named for John Langdon Down. Down was the superintendent of an asylum for children with mental retardation in Surrey, England when he made the first distinction between children who were cretins and what he referred to as "Mongoloids." Down based this unfortunate name on his notion that these children looked like people from Mongoli....

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