"Roger Williams" c.1603-1683, clergyman, advocate of religious freedom, founder of Rhode Island b. London. A protιgι of Sir Edward Coke, he graduated from Pembroke College, Cambridge, in 1627 and took Anglican orders. He early espoused Puritanism and emigrated to the Massachusetts Bay colony in 1631. Williams became teacher and, after a stay at Plymouth, minister of the Salem church. However, his radical religious beliefs and political theories-he denied the validity of the Massachusetts charter, challenged the Puritans to acknowledge they had separated from the Church of England, and declared that civil magistrates had no power over matters of conscience-alarmed the Puritan oligarchy, and the General Court banished him in 1635. In the spring of 1636 he founded Providence on land purchased from the Narragansett. To Providence, a democratic refuge from religious persecution, came settlers fro....

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