Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849-1936), world famous Russian physiologist became second to Freud as the most influential psychologist of our century. Pavlov was a follower of "The father of Russian psychology," Sechenov, whose theory was that the reflex is the essence of all reactions. Pavlov went further and discovered that the conditional reflex is a response, which is not directly connected with the stimulus, but caused by association with a previous experience. The conditioned reflex was discovered in the following experiment on a dog. A bell rung just before a dog was fed; the dog salivated on receiving its food. After repeated trials, the dog would salivate whenever the bell sounded, even if no meat powder was being presented. The dog salivated in response to the bell ring. Pavlov decided that the food was an unconditioned stimulus, ....

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