Sickle Cell Anemia One of the worst genetically inherited diseases is sickle cell anemia. Sickle cell anemia is an inherited blood disorder that occurs when you inherit a hemoglobin S gene from both of your parents. Inheriting one hemoglobin S gene and one normal hemoglobin gene means that you only have the trait, and not the disease. Sickle cell anemia causes chronically low levels of hemoglobin (the blood’s oxygen-carrying chemical) and episodes of extreme pain. People with sickle cell anemia have inherited genes for a type of hemoglobin that forms long rods when it gives up its oxygen. These hemoglobin rods, located inside the body’s typically disc-shaped red blood cells, stretch the red cells into sharp, abnormal “sickle” shapes. Sickle-shaped red blood cells cannot easily pass through the body’s blood vessels. Instead, they clog the blood vessels, block the flow of blood, a....

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