Detrimental Effects That Technological Advances In Industry And Agriculture
.... on the mark when he indicates that it took the reality that CFCs were destroying the sensitive but protective ozone layer to encourage large chemical companies to begin a gradual phase-out of these substances, even when scientists had already discovered the terrible effects of the chemical combination.
Sagan says that to slowly stop usage of such obviously dangerous substances is not enough, for even with current conditions, it is estimated that the damaged ozone layer will require at least 100 years t .....
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An Agricultural Movement
.... Adams uses Riley’s quote from 1882 saying that the evidence for the use of natural enemies and parasites to control pests is sufficient to support their use. (16).
Even so, pesticides have been used for centuries. In James Whorton’s book, Before Silent Spring, he describes agriculture before the Industrial Revolution. He writes that farmers in the 1800's used arsenic and sulphur to stop insects and molds from harming their crops. Even then it was known that arsenic caused skin lesions, nausea, v .....
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The Problem With Desertification
.... mankind. These are the lands that sustained our transition from a hunting/gathering to pastoralism and agriculture (Kaya and Yokobiri, 1997). Drylands still provide much of our grain and livestock. These areas cover more than 40 percent of the world’s land surface. As these areas decrease in size, so does the reliability of the land to support the human population. In some areas, desertification is occurring to such a degree that some lands can no longer sustain life. Large regions which have been .....
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Plate Tectonics
.... ridges rise 3000 meters from the ocean floor and are more than 2000 kilometers wide surpassing the Himalayas in size. The mapping of the seafloor also revealed that these huge underwater mountain ranges have a deep trench which bisects the length of the ridges and in places is more than 2000 meters deep. Research into the heat flow from the ocean floor during the early 1960s revealed that the greatest heat flow was centered at the crests of these mid-oceanic ridges. Seismic studies show that the .....
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Hurricanes
.... soaring upwards in the thunderheads. The air begins swirling around the storm center, for the same reason that the air swirls around a tornado center.
As this air swirls in over the sea surface, it soaks up more and more water vapour. At the storm center, this new supply of water vapor gets pulled into the thunderhead updrafts, releasing still more energy as the water vapor condenses. This makes the updrafts rise faster, pulling in even larger amounts of air and water vapor from the storm's edges. An .....
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Frogs
.... of colors. There is even a frog that is brown with two yellow stripes down its head and back and it has bright green legs.
II. Habitat of the frog
If you went on a tour of the world, you would find frogs on every continent except Antarctica. The family of frogs called Ranidae, include the leopard frog and the bullfrog. These frogs are found in North America, South America, Asia, Australia and Europe. The green-boned frogs and the arrow poison frogs are found only in Central and South America. .....
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Iron Meteorites
.... not work out very well. So the forging could only be carried out when the metal had gotten so hot it turned white.
Although somewhat irrelevant to the short story about the Shooting Star Swords, meterites do play an important part in science to day, and help scientist decode the birth of earth, our sun, and even the galaxy in which we are in.
Today whenever a meteorite is found it is closely strdied by teams of scientist, to see if it could decode some of the many questions we have about our ga .....
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Landfills
.... to clean but will be hard for the EPA to detect. Doing this will allow the companies to save money because they will not have to barrel the leachates and pay to have them properly disposed of or stored (Landfills 1).
There are many things deposited in landfills. Garbage, rubbish, ashes, large wastes, dead animals, sewage-treatment solids, industrial wastes, mining wastes and agricultural wastes are all materials deposited in landfills (SWD 1). Many of these materials, about 50%, could be recycled, lik .....
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A Brief History Of Clocks: From Thales To Ptolemy
.... Clepsydra and the celestial sphere, humanity was capable of creating more practical and accurate devices for measuring time—the anaphoric clock and the astrolabe. Although Ptolemy was familiar with both the anaphoric clock and the astrolabe, I believe that the development of the anaphoric clock preceded the development of the astrolabe.
The earliest example, in western culture, of a celestial sphere is attributed to the presocratic philosopher Thales. Unfortunately, little is known about Thales’ sphere .....
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Bioethics Of Cloning
.... of outcry all around the world. The technique of transferring a nucleus from a somatic cell into an egg cell of which the nucleus had been removed, called nuclear transplantation, is an extension of research that had been ongoing for over 40 years.
Up until now, scientists thought that adult cells could not be “reprogrammed” to behave like a fertilized egg and create an embryo, but the evidence obtained by Dolly’s success prove otherwise. The issues of cloning have been around for a long time, start .....
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Black Holes
.... gas clouds bind together due to attractive forces and form a hot core, combined from all the energy of the two gas clouds. This energy produced is so great when it first collides, that a nuclear reaction occurs and the gases within the star start to burn continuously. The Hydrogen gas is usually the first type of gas consumed in a star and then other gas elements such as Carbon, Oxygen, and Helium are consumed.
This chain reaction fuels the star for millions or billions of years depending upon the .....
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Surface Area To Volume Ratios In Plants (Arid Vs. Moist Environments)
.... more lush, larger foliage, while plants inhabiting desert conditions are generally smaller and have less photosynthetic surface areas.
Hypothesis:
Alternative Hypothesis: states the hypothesis being tested in this experiment. Photosynthetic structures of plants adapted to arid environments have a lower surface area to volume ratio than plants adapted to less dry or moist environments.
Null hypothesis: there are no differences between the wet and dry habitat plants and observed differences ar .....
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Nuclear Energy
.... declared that nuclear powers were safe and efficient. The truth is that accidents do happen at nuclear power plants and at other facilities all the time. An accident at a nuclear power plant has the potential to be much more harmful than an accident at a coal or gas plant because of the radiation that could be released. An example of this is Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania where there was a partial core meltdown in march of 1979 caused large amounts of radiation to be released into the atmosphere. .....
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Ozone Depletion In The Antarctic
.... chlorine. Chlorine by itself is a very stable compound, but when in the stratosphere it binds to and destroys ozone. This is a cyclic process and therefor means that one chlorine can destroy many ozone molecules (Figure 1.2)
During the winter in the Antarctic the circumpolar vortex, which is a strong westerly circulation around the continent, builds in the stratosphere. This phenomenon causes the interior of the stratosphere to be cut off and the temperatures drop below -800C. This results in thi .....
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Global Warming
.... a part of the Earth's history. There have been dramatic fluctuations in over all average temperature for the past 150,000 years that suggest a direct association with carbon dioxide levels. In the past the temperature highs and lows have been in tandem with carbon dioxide level highs and lows, this does not seem to be a mere coincidence.
Carbon dioxide currently accounts for 0.03% of the gas content within the atmosphere. However, it has a disproportionate impact on the earth's temperature. Thus, minor .....
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