Acid Rain
.... Statues and monuments that are left unprotected can fall victim
to the unpredjudiced destruction of acid rain.
Acid Rain reacts to different types of soil and rocks in two ways.
1) Acid rain will dissolve alkaline rocks and soil, or will neutralize the
alkalinity.
2) Acid rain will increase the acidicy of already acidic rocks and soil,
such as granite, or the soil which results from corroded granite.
Acidic chemicals, and alkaline chemicals react to each other by
reducing the al .....
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Acid Rain: Cause And Effects And Issues
.... are:
a. Whether there is ready access to raw materials;
b. Whether the location is close to major transportation routes;
c. Whether there is a suitable work force in the area for
plant construction and operation;
d. Whether there is sufficient energy resources readily
available;
e. Whether or not the chemical plant can carry out its
operation without any unacceptable damage to the
environment.
Listed above are the basic deciding fact .....
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Alchemy
.... in the process of separating gold and silver from the native
matrix. The resulting oxide was supposed to possess marvelous powers, and
it was thought that there resided within in the individualities of the
various metals, that in it their various substances were incorporated.
This black powder was mystically identified with the underworld form of the
god Osiris, and consequently was credited with magical properties. Thus
there grew up in Egypt the belief that magical powers existed in fluxes and
all .....
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Anti-Matter
.... container. This is not so: it is the subatomic particles that react so
destructively, and their arrangement makes no difference.
Scientists at CERN in Geneva are working on a device called the LEAR
(low energy anti-proton ring) in an attempt to slow the velocity of the
anti-protons to a billionth of their normal speeds. The slowing of the
anti-protons and positrons, which normally travel at a velocity of that
near the speed of light, is neccesary so that they have a chance of meeting
and combi .....
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Revolutionary QM212
.... where to put this slot by simulating the antibody on a large
computer. The resulting product revealed an anti-fluorescein antibody which
binds to metal ions. After physically inserting the genetic code in to E.
coli. bacteria, the researchers had a large batch of a new compound which
they named QM212. When copper was added to this new batch, it binded with
the metal-ion binding sight, decreasing the fluorescent emissions.
Applications:
The human immune system already uses similar antibodies for .....
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Artificial Life
.... however, had been in progress long before
the 1980s. Most notably, the Hungarian-born U.S. mathematician John VON
NEUMANN, one of the pioneers of computer science, had begun to explore the
nature of very basic a-life formats called cellular automata (see AUTOMATA,
THEORY OF) in the 1950s. Cellular automata are imaginary mathematical
"cells" --analogous to checkerboard squares--that can be made to simulate
physical processes by subjecting them to certain simple rules called
algorithms (see ALGORITHM). Bef .....
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Origins And Bibliography Of The Big Bang Theory
.... Einstein", SCIENCE 85, vol 6, pp 60-64,
1985.
2. Robert Palmer, "What's a Quark?", SCIENCE 85, VOL 6, pp 66-71, 1985
3. Bruce Schechter, "The Moment of Creation", DISCOVER, April 1983,
pp 18-25.
4. Lawrence R. Sulak, "Waiting for the Proton to Decay", AMERICAN
SCIENTIST, 70, 616-625, 1982.
5. Mary K. Gaillard, "Toward a Unified Picture of Elementary Particle
Interactions", AMERICAN SCIENTIST 70, 506-514.
- - - - The following background articl .....
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The Big Bang Model
.... have observed.
The Steady State model says that the universe does not evolve or
change in time. There was no beginning in the past, nor will there be
change in the future. This model assumes the perfect cosmological
principle. This principle says that the universe is the same everywhere on
the large scale, at all times.2 It maintains the same average density of
matter forever.
There are observational evidences found that can prove the Big Bang
model is more reasonable than the Steady Sta .....
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The Black Hole
.... gigantic, gas clouds bind
together due to attractive forces and form a hot core, combined from all
the energy of the two gas clouds. This energy produced is so great when it
first collides, that a nuclear reaction occurs and the gases within the
star start to burn continuously. The Hydrogen gas is usually the first
type of gas consumed in a star and then other gas elements such as Carbon,
Oxygen, and Helium are consumed.
This chain reaction fuels the star for millions or billions of years
depen .....
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Chromosome Probes At The University Of Toronto
.... 35 and those who have a family history of chromosomal abnormalities.
Prenatal tests using Willard's probes would be much simpler and faster to
perform and could be available to all pregnant women who wish to take
advantage of the technology.
Current prenatal testing involves growing fetal cells in vitro and
examining them, over one or two months, to see if there are two copies of a
particular chromosome, which is normal, or one or three, which is abnormal.
A test using Willard's probes would re .....
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Cold Fusion
.... and tritium atoms. Muons replace the electrons and form a
smaller atom. This "muo-atom" the n captures another nucleus. The muon
orbits more tightly around the two captive nuclei leading them to overcome
their natural repulsion of each other and fuse. This reaction produces a
larger nucleus that almost immediately shatters, releasing energy. It also
frees the muon, which can then repeat the cycle, causing several hundred
more such fusions.
The fact that the muon is 207 times heavier than .....
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Mechanical Energy
.... to use our muscles. When we do use our muscles within us,
we may not always be sure that heat is given off. Our bodies do not burst
into flames but the perspiration on our skin is a clue to what is happening.
The movement of the windsurfer has a different explanation. The
windsurfer is propelled along by a sail which collects mechanical energy
from the winds that sweep along the water. This energy has been produced
by the sun which warms the earth's surface and sets the air above in motion.
T .....
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Extra Sensory Perception
.... collectively called extrasensory perseption (ESP) by
American psycologist J.B. Rhine. Dating from the early 1930s, Rhine's
tests at Duke University at Durham, North Carolina, remain the most quoted
examples of an expirimental blitzkreig on problems of parapsychology. Three
years of Rhine's telepathy and clairvoyance testing averaged 7 successes
out of every 25 people tested, 2 better than chance would have produced, an
overall result millions to one against the odd.
Chapter ][ What is ESP?
========= .....
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The Influence Of Writers On Charles Darwin
.... the clarity of his work makes Charles Darwin the
most popular figure in the scientific field of Evolution (Francoeur, 1965,
p.34). Charles Darwin (1809-1882) was the fourth child of Dr. Robert
Darwin and grandson of Erasmus Darwin. Much of Charles' childhood was
spent collecting insects, coins and reading various literature on natural
history, travel and poetry. Charles Darwin was not a scholarly student
during his years at Edinburgh Medical College. He disliked what was taught
and found most of .....
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Life Sciences SIG: Gut Issues - Essay About Dietary Fibers
.... plant cell walls. But unlike the other carbohydrates,
fibres do not break down into sugars in the human digestive system and then
course through the blood stream fueling muscles and nerves. Rather, when
eaten they tumble intact through the stomach and small intestine and end up
in the colon where billions of bacterial feed on them - in turn producing
intestinal gas. No wonder, then, that dietary fibre has been unwelcome in
many of history's nicer neighborhoods.
Even 20th century doctors reasoned tha .....
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