Bacterial Conjugation Experiment
.... in minutes from the origin of transfer. That is, the amount of time it takes for a particular gene to be transferred from one bacterium to another indicated how far it is from the origin of replication.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: Media Preparation: The starting material was Medium 56-glucose agar (MM560). The components of the MM56 are found in figure 1. From this, we made two types of media, complete and selective. The reagents used, along with their stock and final concentrations are found in fi .....
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Bacterial Resistance
.... era. In less than two decades, major advancements had been made in the development of antibiotics. There were so many different antibiotics developed that doctors and scientists focused their attention on other problems plaguing the nation. Doctors prescribed antibiotics frequently, often when they were not even needed. According to a 1998 report by the Institute of Medicine, up to fifty percent of antibiotics are prescribed unnecessarily. This blatant overuse of antibiotics had a profound eff .....
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Barbituates
.... cause loss of co-ordination, slurred speech, and give the appearance of being drunk. The lethal dose is especially close to the normal dose that is why it is very risky to use barbiturates. On the street, barbiturates are classified by their color such as “blues” which are amytal, and “yellow jackets” which are nembutal, or “red birds” or “red devils” which are seconal red.
Barbiturates can be classified as short acting (4 hours or less), intermediate acting (4-6 hours), and long acting (6 hour .....
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Benzene
.... of , benzene makes a satisfactory . In Europe, benzene mixed with other
compounds has long been added to motor fuels.
Benzene was isolated in 1825 by Michael Faraday, but its structure remained amystery for 40 years. The problem was perplexing because the C(6)H(6) formula indicateda high degree of unsaturation, but benzene does not display the reactivity characteristic of
such compounds.
In 1865, German chemist Friedrich August Kekule von Stradonitz proposed thatbenzene is structurally a .....
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Biological Effects Of Radiation
.... as a direct effect. Such interaction may affect the ability of the cell to reproduce and, thus, survive. If enough atoms are affected in such a way that the chromosomes do not replicate properly, or there is a significant alteration in the information carried by the DNA molecule, then the cell may be destroyed by “direct” interference with its life-sustaining system.
Indirect effects are caused by the reaction of radiation with the water that makes up the majority of the cells volume. When radiati .....
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Biological Warfare
.... For this reason it is necessary for extremists to use aerosol dispersion to contaminate food, water, or air resulting in the death of every living organism.
Two incidents in particular make this threat of a bioterrorist attack more likely to occur. The first of these occurred in Tokyo when nerve gas was unleashed in a Tokyo subway by the nihilistic Japanese cult group, Aum Shinrikyo. Twelve people were left dead and another five thousand had to be hospitalized. This incident raises an even gr .....
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Biology 2
.... The platform's vertical and horizontal channels were calibrated to individually hold up to 10 N which equates to approximately 30 times the animal's weight. The platform was then used to calculate the animal's force that was exerted when jumping in order to initiate flight.
The data that was collected was that the Desmodus rotundus was able to, and consistently exerted a force of up to 9.5 times its weight in about 30ms while in the process of jumping. The average take off velocity was 2.38ms-1. It .....
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Biology Heat Loss Practical Write Up
.... 500 which also has a surface area to volume ratio of 1.25:1. However, generally when you increase the size of an object the surface area to volume ratio decreases so in this example it is very likely that the two flasks in question are different shapes.
In this experiment the two flasks which will be used will different surface area to volume ratios as follows:
100 cm3 flask: Volume = 100, Surface Area = 115. Surface Area to Volume Ratio =
115
---- : 1 = 1.15 : 1
100
500 cm3 fla .....
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Bioremediation Of Explosives In Contaminated Soil
.... up munitions processing wastes at several of its ammunition plants, including ones in Louisiana, Wisconsin, and Oregon. At the Oregon site, composting is projected to save 2.6 million dollars compared with incinerating the contaminated soils. In addition to saving money, composting will also avoid the need for burning fossil fuels and will produce an end product usable for backfilling, landscaping, or erosion control.
Introduction
Whether people know it or not explosives, such as tnt, ar .....
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Biotechnology In Food
.... GE products from their shelves, and the largest European food processors (Nestle and Unilever) will no longer use GM products.
All this is being reflected in the market -- non-GM foods are now selling at a higher price than genetically altered crops. And there is a scramble by farmers to find non-GM seed for planting next year -- there may not be enough to meet the rising demand.
Mitchell tells us GM crops will reduce the use of herbicides and insecticides. In fact, the whole point of GM soya .....
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Bipolar Disorder 2
.... and psychotic states are misdiagnosed as schizophrenia. Speech patterns help distinguish between the two disorders.
The often of Bipolar disorder usually occurs between the ages of 20 and 30 years of age, with a second peak in the mid-forties for women. A typical bipolar patient may experience eight to ten episodes in their lifetime. However, those who have fast cycling may experience more episodes of mania and depression that succeed each other without a period of remission.
The three stage .....
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Black Powder
.... used for the compounding of powders for blisting and for other special purposes. There are generally 4 grades of black; Fg, FFg, FFFg, and FFFFg. The particle size of Fg is the largest. FFg is the most versatile. It can be used in all CAS guns--shotgun, rifle, and pistol. FFFg is generally used for pistol. FFFFg has the smallest particle size and is used for priming pans in flintlock rifles. In this country blasting powder is generally made from sodium nitrate.
Since it catches fast and hot, it only ta .....
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Boiling Water
.... large amount of bubbles rising to the surface. The bubbles in boiling water are made of, air and/or water vapor, depending on how much air has been dissolved in the water.
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Born Too Early
.... doctors can determine if the baby is going to have a long road ahead of them or if the baby is healthy and will pull through the whole thing with flying colors. Sometimes, they may seem healthy and are progressing well and then they could have a turn for the worse without any warning signs at all. For a parent, this can be very stressful and overwhelming all at the same time.
When a preemie is able to breathe on its own and its body can regulate the heart and body temperature on its own the child ha .....
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Botany
.... to you, you should look into microbiology, phycology, or mycology. If you are artistic, ornamental horticulture and landscape design might be right up your alley. If you worry about feeding the hungry, you should study plant pathology or plant breeding. At some larger universities, you can even study specific types of botany, each with its own department. These departments include argonomy (field crops), microbiology (microbes like bacteria and fungi), horticulture (fruits, ornamentals, and veggies) .....
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