Fiber Optics
.... voice) is transmitted through the fiber digitally by
the use of high speed LASERs (Light Amplification through the Simulated Emission
of Radiation) or LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes). Each of these methods create a
highly focused beam of light that is cycled on and off at very high speeds.
Computers at the transmitting end convert data or voice into "bits" of
information. The information is then sent through the fiber by the presence, or
lack, of light. So, all of the data is sent light pulses. Computers .....
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The First Generation Of Computers
.... Corporation. The UNIVAC
(Universal Automatic Computer) was the first computer which was not a one-of-a-
kind laboratory instrument. The UNIVAC became a household word in 1952 when it
was used on a televised newscast to project the winner of the Eisenhower-
Stevenson presidential race with stunning accuracy. That same year Maurice V.
Wilkes (developer of EDSAC) laid the foundation for the concepts of
microprogramming, which was to become the guide for computer design and
construction.
In 1954, .....
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Get Informed! - Buying The Right Computer
.... this effect you memory, it also effects how much hard drive space
you need. The bigger the program, the more space it takes to save physically.
I wouldn't suggest buying anything under a 2 geg hard drive. Why? Because by
the time you load you system (Windows95, DOS) and other software; your hard
drive is already filled up. How are you going to save your document you wrote
in WordPerfect when your hard drive is full? It's usually cheaper in the long
run to buy the biggest hard drive available. Plus, .....
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The Internet
.... letters and telephone calls, it has created a new method
of transmitting information in a more efficient way. E-mail saves time between
the interval of sending and receiving a message. Sending an e-mail message
halfway around the world can arrive at its destination within a minute or two.
In comparison, a letter can take from a few days to a couple of weeks, according
to the distance it travels. Furthermore, e-mail is inexpensive. The cost of
connection to the Internet is relatively cheaper than that .....
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Computers As Medical Treatment Devices
.... the wearing of lenses, which corrected
sight abnormalities, or even physical surgery with the scalpel which could
release the tension on the cornea and allow it to form into it's proper
shape. Now, with the help of modern science and computers, it's possible to
use lasers in surgical procedures to reshape the lens.
The procedure consists of creating a "flap" on the outermost layer
of the cornea, and folding it back, allowing the laser to change the
refractive index of the old lens by effectively .....
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Government Intervention On The Internet
.... Generalities such as these have sparked
great debates within our nation's government. This paper will attempt to focus
on two high profile ethical aspects concerning the Internet and its usage.
These subjects are Internet privacy and Internet censorship.
At the moment, the Internet is epitome of our first amendment, free
speech. It is a place where a person can speak their mind without being
reprimanded for what they say or how they choose to say it. But also contained
on the Internet, are a hug .....
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Hackers: Information Warefare
.... you see
a big wooden or metal box with wires coming out of it sitting on the sidewalk
where there had been none.
Many people won't even notice. Others might say, "Oh, a box on the street.". A
few might wonder what it does and then move on. The hacker, the true hacker,
will see the box, stop, examine it, wonder about it, and spend mental time
trying to figure it out. Given the proper circumstances, he might come back
later to look closely at the wiring, or even be so bold as to open the box. Not
ma .....
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Hacking To Peaces
.... like computer viruses and cybercrimes. "There is no single widely-used
definition of computer-related crime, [so] computer network users and law
enforcement officials must distinguish between illegal or deliberate network
abuse versus behavior that is merely annoying. Legal systems everywhere are
busily studying ways of dealing with crimes and criminals on the Internet"
(Voss, 1996, p. 2).
There are ultimately three different views on the hacker controversy. The
first is that hacking or an .....
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History Of The Internet
.... could the country communicate after a
nuclear war? The Pentagon's Advanced Research Projects Agency, ARPA, had a
solution. They would create a non-centralized network that linked from city to
city, and base to base. The network was designed to function when parts of it
were destroyed. The network could not have a center because it would be a
primary target for enemies. In 1969, ARPANET was created, named after its
original Pentagon sponsor. There were four supercomputer stations, called nodes,
on this hig .....
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Where Did UNIX Come From And Why Are There Different Versions Of UNIX?
.... system with many universities - most notably UC-Berkeley. This led to
some of the variations in UNIX which we see today. After the divestiture of the
Bell System, their parent company, AT&T, became much more interested in
marketing a commercial version of UNIX. And today we see that many companies
have now licensed their own version:
AT&T's System V,
Versions of System V such as SCO's Xenix and IBM's AIX
Berkeley's UNIX (called "BSD" for "Berkeley System Development"),
Versions of .....
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The Public Broadcasting System: Digital Technology And HDTV
.... beauty and complexity of all PBS's programming.
Founded in 1969, The Public Broadcasting System is America's sole
television network of public stations. Collectively, educational
establishments, community organizations or state and municipal groups,
operate approximately 350 member stations. All public television stations
highlight the importance of illuminating cultural and educational
programming, as well as distinguished programs on nature, science, and
public affairs. In PBS: Behind the Screen .....
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History Of Computers
.... lit lamps
represented ones and unlit lamps represented zeros. The irony of this is that
people needed to perform another mathematical function to translate binary to
decimal to make it readable to the user.
One of the first computers was called ENIAC. It was a huge, monstrous
size nearly that of a standard railroad car. It contained electronic tubes,
heavy gauge wiring, angle-iron, and knife switches just to name a few of the
components. It has become difficult to believe that computers have evolved into .....
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History Of The Computer Industry In America
.... can be performed (Soma, 14). The next innovation in
computers took place in 1694 when Blaise Pascal invented the first digital
calculating machine. It could only add numbers and they had to be entered by
turning dials. It was designed to help Pascal's father who was a tax collector
(Soma, 32).
In the early 1800, a mathematics professor named Charles Babbage
designed an automatic calculation machine. It was steam powered and could store
up to 1000 50-digit numbers. Built into his machine were .....
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History Of The Computer Industry In America
.... performed (Soma, 14). The next innovation in
computers took place in 1694 when Blaise Pascal invented the first "digital
calculating machine". It could only add numbers and they had to be entered by
turning dials. It was designed to help Pascal's father who was a tax collector
(Soma, 32).
In the early 1800's, a mathematics professor named Charles Babbage designed an
automatic calculation machine. It was steam powered and could store up to 1000
50-digit numbers. Built in to his machine were operations .....
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HDTV: The Emergence Of A New Generation In Television.
.... sets will still be in use, it will be hard for consumers to bow
down and purchase 600 million new high definition television sets.
HDTV, is known in the television industry as high definition
television. HDTV is paving the way as a new medium waiting to emerge as
the greatest thing to hit television since color. However it's not the
1950's and HDTV is already up and running in other markets. Japan's NHK
broadcasting group used 1125/60 equipment and European ZDF broadcasters
used 1250/50 equ .....
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