In 1969 the FDA banned cyclamates from the U.S. Market. By FDA criteria cyclamates presented an unacceptable level of risk to the public. Many years of laboratory findings concerning the effects of cyclamates on chick embryos concluded that cyclamates produced grotesque malformations in chick embryos. After the ban was in place, Libby, McNeil, and Libby sold approximately 300,000 cases of cyclamate-sweetened fruit to customers in Germany, Spain, and other countries where cyclamates had not been banned and were still in use. Singer’s argument for preventing something bad from happening is based on three premises. The first premise is if we can prevent something bad without s