Babylonia The Babylonians were one of the great ancient civilizations (encarta Babylon) and were believed to have existed from the 21st century to about the 1st century BC, but the Babylonians were only mentioned in any documents until the late 3rd century BC. This ancient country was located where southern Iraq is today, and preceded upwards in a crescent like shape to the Mediterranean sea (hotbot babylon). The capital Babylon, one of the most important cities of the ancient world (Encarta Babylon) , was located between the two great rivers, Euphrates and Tigris. The City today now lies in ruins about 90Km south of Bagdad. Babylon was believed t