Born into the Royal Family of the Tembu in Transkei. For involvement in student politics, he was expelled from Fort Haire University, but obtained a law degree by correspondence. He established the first African law practice in Johannesburg along with his partner Oliver Tambo. He co-founded the ANC with Youth League with Tambo and Walter Sisulu and eventually became National President. In 1952, he was arrested for the Defiance Apartheid is the political policy of racial segregation. In Afrikaans, it means apartness, and the South African National Party pioneered it in 1948 when it came to power. Not only did apartheid separate whites from non-white