Darwin’s Finches On the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean lives thirteen different species of finches. Although not much to look at, these thirteen different species, sporting thirteen distinctly different beaks, provide proof of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. But how did these birds, once sharing the same habitat and species, become so different? This can easily be explained by the idea of speciation. Speciation is defined as the process by which new species are formed. There are three different types of speciation, Allopatric, Parapatric, and Sympatric. The two most probable modes of speciation are Allopatric and Sympatric. Allopatric sp