Maya Civilization The Maya are probably the best-known of the classical civilizations of Mesoamerica. Originating in the Yucatan around 2600 B.C., they rose to prominence around A.D. 250. Mesoamerica spans five countries: Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador. They inherited a lot of their ideas from the Olmec. The Maya developed astronomy, calendrical systems, and hieroglyphic writing. The Maya were also know for their decorated architecture which included temples and palaces. They were also skilled farmers,weavers, and potters. Around 300 B.C., the Maya adopted a system of government ruled by nobles and kings. Their society consisted of many independent states, each w