Rome Rome also known as the ancient city was the capital of the greatest empire of the ancient world. It was a great and prosperous city that was filled with at least one million people. Many people believe that the height of the city of Rome reached its height near the time that emperor constantius the second had seen it for the first time. When he had seen all the sights such as the sanctuary of Jupiter capitolinus, the public baths, the coliseum and the circus maximus and the dome of the pantheon. And then once he saw the forum built by Trajan he started to complain about all of the wonderful stories he was told about Rome and those